| SECTIONS |
Negotiable
Instruments Act, 1881 |
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Preamble |
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CHAPTER I : PRELIMINARY |
| 1. |
Short
title |
| 2. |
Repeal
of enactments |
| 3. |
Interpretation
clause |
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CHAPTER II: NOTES, BILLS AND CHEQUES |
| 4. |
Promissory
note |
| 5. |
Bill
of exchange |
| 6. |
Cheque |
| 7. |
Drawer,
drawee |
| 8. |
Holder |
| 9. |
Holder
in due course |
| 10. |
Payment
in due course |
| 11. |
Inland
instrument |
| 12. |
Foreign
instrument |
| 13. |
Negotiable
instrument |
| 14. |
Negotiation |
| 15. |
Endorsement |
| 16. |
Endorsement
'in blank' and 'in full' : 'endorsee' |
| 17. |
Ambiguous
instruments |
| 18. |
Where
amount is stated differently in figures and words |
| 19. |
Instruments
payable on demand |
| 20. |
Inchoate
stamped instruments |
| 21. |
At
sight, On presentment, After sight |
| 22. |
Maturity |
| 23. |
Calculating
maturity of bill or note payable so many months after
date or sight |
| 24. |
Calculating
maturity of bill or note payable so many days after date
or sight |
| 25. |
When
day of maturity is a holiday |
| 26. |
Capacity
to make etc. promissory notes etc. |
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CHAPTER III : PARTIES TO NOTES, BILLS AND CHEQUES |
| 27. |
Agency |
| 28. |
Liability
of agent signing |
| 29. |
Liability
of legal representative signing |
| 30. |
Liability
of drawer |
| 31. |
Liability
of drawee of cheque |
| 32. |
Liability
of maker of note and acceptor of bill |
| 33. |
Only
drawee can be acceptor except in need or for honour |
| 34. |
Acceptance
by several drawees not partners |
| 35. |
Liability
of endorser |
| 36. |
Liability
of prior parties to holder in due course |
| 37. |
Maker,
drawer and acceptor principals |
| 38. |
Prior
party a principal in respect of each subsequent party |
| 39. |
Suretyship |
| 40. |
Discharge
of endorser's liability |
| 41. |
Acceptor
bound, although endorsement forged |
| 42. |
Acceptance
of bill drawn in fictitious name |
| 43. |
Negotiable
instrument made, etc. without consideration |
| 44. |
Partial
absence or failure of money consideration |
| 45. |
Partial
failure of consideration not consisting of money |
| 45-A. |
Holder's
right to duplicate of lost bill |
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CHAPTER IV : NEGOTIATION |
| 46. |
Delivery |
| 47. |
Negotiation
by delivery |
| 48. |
Negotiation
by endorsements |
| 49. |
Conversion
of endorsement in blank into endorsement in full |
| 50. |
Effect
of endorsement |
| 51. |
Who
may negotiate |
| 52. |
Endorser
who excludes his own liability or makes it conditional |
| 53. |
Holder
deriving title from holder in due course |
| 54. |
Instrument
endorsed in blank |
| 55. |
Conversion
of endorsement in blank into endorsement in full |
| 56. |
Endorsement
for part of sum due |
| 57. |
Legal
representative cannot by delivery only negotiate instrument
endorsed by deceased |
| 58. |
Instrument
obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration |
| 59. |
Instrument
acquired after dishonour or when overdue |
| 60. |
Instrument
negotiable till payment or satisfaction |
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CHAPTER V : PRESENTMENT |
| 61. |
Presentment
for acceptance |
| 62. |
Presentment
of promissory note for sight |
| 63. |
Drawee's
time for deliberation |
| 64. |
Presentment
for payment |
| 65. |
Hours
for presentment |
| 66. |
Presentment
for payment of instrument payable after date or sight |
| 67. |
Presentment
for payment of promissory note payable by instalments |
| 68. |
Presentment
for payment of instrument payable at specified place and
not elsewhere |
| 69. |
Instrument
payable at specified place |
| 70. |
Presentment
where no exclusive place specified |
| 71. |
Presentment
when maker etc. has no known place of business or residence |
| 72. |
Presentment
of cheque to charge drawer |
| 73. |
Presentment
of cheque to charge any other person |
| 74. |
Presentment
of instrument payable at demand |
| 75. |
Presentment
by or to agent, representative of deceased, or assignee
of insolvent |
| 75-A. |
Excuse
for delay in presentment for acceptance or payment |
| 76. |
When
presentment unnecessary |
| 77. |
Liability
of banker for negligently dealing with bill presented
for payment |
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CHAPTER VI: PAYMENT AND INTEREST |
| 78. |
To
whom payment should be made |
| 79. |
Interest
when rate specified |
| 80. |
Interest
when no rate specified |
| 81. |
Delivery
of instrument on payment or indemnity in case of loss |
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CHAPTER VII : DISCHARGE FROM LIABILITY ON NOTES, BILLS
AND CHEQUES |
| 82. |
Discharge
from liability |
| 83. |
Discharge
by allowing drawee more than 48 hours to accept |
| 84. |
When
cheque not duly presented and drawer damaged thereby |
| 85. |
Cheque
payable to order |
| 85-A. |
Drafts
drawn by one branch of a bank on another payable to order |
| 86. |
Parties
not consenting discharged by qualified or limited acceptance |
| 87. |
Affect
of material alteration |
| 88. |
Acceptor
or endorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration |
| 89. |
Payment
of instrument on which alteration is not apparent |
| 90. |
Extinguishment
of rights of action on bill in acceptor's hands |
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CHAPTER VIII: NOTICE OF DISHONOUR |
| 91. |
Dishonour
by non-acceptance |
| 92. |
Dishonour
by non-payment |
| 93. |
By
and to whom notice should be given |
| 94. |
Mode
in which notice may be given |
| 95. |
Party
receiving must transmit notice of dishonour |
| 96. |
Agent
for presentment |
| 97. |
When
party to whom notice given is dead |
| 98. |
When
notice of dishonour is unnecessary |
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CHAPTER IX: NOTING AND PROTEST |
| 99. |
Noting |
| 100. |
Protest |
| 101. |
Contents
of protest |
| 102. |
Notice
of protest |
| 103. |
Protest
for non-payment after dishonour by non-acceptance |
| 104. |
Protest
of foreign bills |
| 104-A. |
When
noting equivalent to protest |
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CHAPTER X : REASONABLE TIME |
| 105. |
Reasonable
time |
| 106. |
Reasonable
time of giving notice of dishonour |
| 107. |
Reasonable
time for transmitting such notice |
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CHAPTER XI : ACCEPTANCE AND PAYMENT FOR HONOUR AND REFERENCE
IN CASE OF NEED |
| 108. |
Acceptance
for honour |
| 109. |
How
acceptance for honour must be made |
| 110. |
Acceptance
not specifying for whose honour it is made |
| 111. |
Liability
of acceptor for honour |
| 112. |
When
acceptor for honour may be charged |
| 113. |
Payment
for honour |
| 114. |
Right
of payer for honour |
| 115. |
Drawee
in case of need |
| 116. |
Acceptance
and payment without protest |
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CHAPTER XII : COMPENSATION |
| 117. |
Rules
as to compensation |
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CHAPTER XIII: SPECIAL RULES OF EVIDENCE |
| 118. |
Presumptions
as to negotiable instruments |
| 119. |
Presumption
on proof of protest |
| 120. |
Estoppel
against denying original validity of instrument |
| 121. |
Estoppel
against denying capacity of payee to endorse |
| 122. |
Estoppel
against denying signature or capacity of prior party |
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CHAPTER XIV: CROSSED CHEQUES |
| 123. |
Cheque
crossed generally |
| 124. |
Cheque
crossed specially |
| 125. |
Crossing
after issue |
| 126. |
Payment
of cheque crossed generally |
| 127. |
Payment
of cheque crossed specially more than once |
| 128. |
Payment
in due course of crossed cheque |
| 129. |
Payment
of crossed cheque out of due course |
| 130. |
Cheque
bearing 'not negotiable' |
| 131. |
Non-liability
of banker receiving payment of cheque |
| 131-A. |
Application
of chapter to drafts |
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CHAPTER XV: BILLS IN SETS |
| 132. |
Set
of bills |
| 133. |
Holder
of first acquired part entitled to all |
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CHAPTER XVI: INTERNATIONAL LAW |
| 134. |
Law
governing liability of maker, acceptor or endorser of
foreign Instrument |
| 135. |
Law
of place of payment governs dishonour |
| 136. |
Instrument
made, etc. out of India, but in accordance with the law
of India |
| 137. |
Presumption
as to foreign law |
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CHAPTER XVII: PENALTIES IN CASE OF DISHONOUR OF CERTAIN
CHEQUES FOR INSUFFICIENCY OF FUNDS IN THE ACCOUNTS |
| 138. |
Dlshonour
of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the accounts |
| 139. |
Presumption
in favour of holder |
| 140. |
Defence
which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section
138 |
| 141. |
Offences
by companies |
| 142. |
Cognizance
of offences |
| 143. |
Power
of Court to try cases summarily |
| 144. |
Mode
of service of summons |
| 145. |
Evidence
on affidavit |
| 146. |
Banks
slip prima facie evidence of certain facts |
| 147. |
Offences
to be compoundable |
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Schedule-Enactments
Repealed |
